Analisis Optimalisasi Waktu dan Biaya Menggunakan Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) dan Metode Crashing pada Proyek Pembangunan Bendungan Karangnongko Paket 2 (Studi Kasus: Pekerjaan Intake Kanan)

Abstract

Construction project delays frequently occur due to conventional scheduling methods that are ineffective in managing activity interdependencies, leading to cost overruns and reduced project performance. Previous studies generally focus on basic scheduling techniques without simultaneously addressing time and cost optimization, while the integrated application of the Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) and the crashing method remains limited. This study aims to analyze project duration acceleration using PDM and crashing through a descriptive quantitative approach, including network development, critical path identification, and crashing of critical activities. The results indicate a project duration reduction of 54 days with an increase in direct costs of IDR 2,466,904,057.21, resulting in a cost difference of IDR 2,115,700,868.75 between normal and crashing conditions. These findings confirm that PDM and crashing are effective project control strategies based on time–cost trade-offs.